Overweight and Obesity in Children
In recent years, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children has become a significant public health concern. According to the World Health Organization, the number of overweight or obese infants and young children aged 0-5 years increased from 32 million globally in 1990 to 41 million in 2016.
This is an alarming increase that poses numerous health risks, both immediate and long-term, for future generations.
While family history and genetics can play a role, lifestyle choices are significant determinants. For the last decade, there has been a rise in poor diets, where children consume calorie-dense and nutrient-poor foods and sugary beverages more often than not. Some communities also don’t have access to healthy food, or it’s out of reach because it's expensive.
Excessive screen time and gaming have caused physical inactivity in many kids. Some prefer staying home rather than getting out and kicking a ball in the park like their parents did in their childhood. Device use affects sleeping patterns and stress levels as the kids navigate this digital world.
Understanding Children’s Weight Using BMI
Overweight and obesity conditions can be measured using the Body Mass Index (BMI), adjusted for age and sex. BMI is calculated using your child’s weight and height (your weight divided by your height squared) and then compared to the below chart:
Underweight: BMI below the 5th percentile
Healthy weight: BMI between the 5th and 85th percentiles
Overweight: BMI between the 85th and 95th percentiles
Obese: BMI at or above the 95th percentile
Health Risks Associated with Childhood Obesity
Children who are overweight or obese face numerous health challenges. These can include:
Physical Health Issues: Higher risks of developing type 2 diabetes, asthma, sleep apnea, and orthopaedic problems.
Cardiovascular Problems: Increased likelihood of high blood pressure and cholesterol levels, leading to heart disease.
Psychological Effects: Greater risk of experiencing low self-esteem, depression, and social isolation due to stigma and bullying.
Long-term Consequences: Elevated risk of remaining overweight or obese into adulthood, which is associated with various chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers.
Achieving and Maintaining a Healthy Weight
Promoting healthy weight in children involves a combination of balanced nutrition, physical activity, and behavioural changes. If you’re a parent concerned about your child’s weight, we wanted to share our top strategies for getting your child’s weight back on track.
Balanced Diet
Encourage healthy eating and be a role model yourself. Include plenty of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains in your daily diet. Limit sugary food and choose natural sweeteners like Stevia or Monk Fruit. Avoid processed foods as much as possible and cook fresh food for the best nutrients.
Limit Screen Time & Include Regular Exercise
This is obvious, but it can be challenging for many busy households to follow. Sometimes, getting the kids in front of a device is easier while trying to make dinner or finish work. The truth is, it’s not doing your child any favours, as they become more dependent on screen time. This has been a massive challenge for many families as they bring up kids in the digital age. Limiting screen time, getting out for a walk, or getting your child into a sports club is a great way to develop a lifelong exercise habit.
See your GP
Health providers play a crucial role in preventing and managing childhood obesity. Regular health check-ups can help monitor a child's growth and development. Pediatricians can offer guidance on healthy lifestyle choices, identify early signs of weight-related issues, and provide referrals to nutritionists or other specialists if needed.